Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Anti‐Diabetic Effects of Ayanin, a Flavonoid Compound, in STZ / HFD ‐Induced Diabetic Mice by Upregulating GLUT4 and Suppressing Macrophage‐Driven Inflammation in Adipose Tissues

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71429

Figure Lengend Snippet: AYN ameliorated hypertrophic adipocytes of diabetic mice. (A) HE staining for epWAT; (B) HE staining for SAT; (C) Adipocyte areas of epWAT; (D) Adipocyte areas of SAT. ( n = 6, +++ p < 0.001, compared with Normal control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with Vehicle control group).

Article Snippet: The 3T3‐L1 fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes was stimulated using different media containing insulin (10 mg/mL, HY‐ P73243 , MedChemExpress, China), dexamethasone (10 μM, HY‐14648, MedChemExpress, China), IBMX (0.5 M, HY‐12318, MedChemExpress, China), indomethacin (125 nM, HY‐14397, MedChemExpress, China), and rosiglitazone (1 μM, HY‐17386, MedChemExpress, China) for 5 days, followed by insulin (10 mg/mL) for 2 days.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Anti‐Diabetic Effects of Ayanin, a Flavonoid Compound, in STZ / HFD ‐Induced Diabetic Mice by Upregulating GLUT4 and Suppressing Macrophage‐Driven Inflammation in Adipose Tissues

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71429

Figure Lengend Snippet: AYN increased glucose uptake of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by activating AMPKα/GLUT4 pathway. (A) AYN increased GLUT4 and p‐AMPKα expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes; (B) Relative band intensity for GLUT4/β‐Actin, p‐AMPKα/AMPKα for protein in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes; (C) AYN increased the glucose uptake of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes; (D) AMPKα inhibitor, Compound C, suppressed the GLUT4 expression of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes induced by AYN; (E) Compound C inhibited the glucose uptake of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes induced by AYN. ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared with Normal control group; +++ p < 0.001, compared with AYN group in E).

Article Snippet: The 3T3‐L1 fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes was stimulated using different media containing insulin (10 mg/mL, HY‐ P73243 , MedChemExpress, China), dexamethasone (10 μM, HY‐14648, MedChemExpress, China), IBMX (0.5 M, HY‐12318, MedChemExpress, China), indomethacin (125 nM, HY‐14397, MedChemExpress, China), and rosiglitazone (1 μM, HY‐17386, MedChemExpress, China) for 5 days, followed by insulin (10 mg/mL) for 2 days.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130379

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Immunocytochemistry was performed for CRALBP, ZO1, αSMA and Ki67 at Day 0 (D0), Day 3 (D3) and Day 35 (D35). Arrowheads point towards Ki67 positive nuclei. B. Microarray heatmap of the expression profiles of the top 250 genes, ranked by the significance of their expression changes, over time in culture. Raw expression data are mean centred and scaled to unit variance prior to clustering. A schematic of the scaled expression is shown on the right where individual gene profiles are in light grey and the mean expression profile is shown in black. C. Microarray heatmap showing transcript expression for a panel of representative markers over a timecourse of RPE culture. D. Immunocytochemistry for FOXM1 at Day 2 and Day 14 of RPE culture. Arrowheads point towards FOXM1 positive nuclei. E. Quantification of immunocytochemistry showing percentage of nuclei staining positive for FOXM1 over time. Bars represent Mean ± SD (n = 3). F. Expression of FOXM1 transcript measured using qPCR (relative to housekeeping genes ACTB and GAPDH ) in iPSC derived RPE, human foetal RPE and ARPE19 cells over time. Bars represent Mean ± SD (n = 3)

Article Snippet: The FOXM1 overexpression vector was purchased from Origene (SC112825) and transfected into RPE using the Effectene reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, although some effects of reagent toxicity were noted.

Techniques: Immunocytochemistry, Microarray, Expressing, Staining, Derivative Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130379

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. qPCR based measurement of transcript expression of a panel of epithelial (red) and mesenchymal (green) markers at Day 10 post siFOXM1 transfection (except levels of FOXM1 itself which are measured at Day 2 post knockdown). Data is normalized to transfection with non-targeting siRNA used as a control. ACTB , GAPDH , IPO8 and HPRT1 are used as housekeeping genes. Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 3). P<0.05 (Student’s t-test). B. Immunocytochemistry for PMEL17 upon FOXM1 knockdown (siFOXM1) or overexpression (pFOXM1) at Day 10 post transfection. C. Level of knockdown obtained upon transient transfection of siRNA against SNAI2, SNAI1, ZEB1, TWIST1 and GSC. Knockdown was measured by qPCR at Day 6 post transfection and is expressed relative to non-targeting siRNA used as control. CYC1 and GAPDH were used as housekeeping genes. Bars represent Mean ± SD (n = 6–9). Knockdown of EMT-TF expression was significant, P<0.05 (Student’s t-test). D. No significant effect on PMEL , MITF or BEST1 expression was observed under the same conditions described above for Fig 2C.

Article Snippet: The FOXM1 overexpression vector was purchased from Origene (SC112825) and transfected into RPE using the Effectene reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, although some effects of reagent toxicity were noted.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Immunocytochemistry, Over Expression

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130379

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Graph showing quantification of immunocytochemistry where % Ki67 (n = 3) or % EdU (n = 6) is plotted on the left Y axis and relative expression of FOXM1 transcript (n = 3; ACTB used as housekeeping gene) on the right Y axis over days in culture (x axis). B. Quantification of change in FOXM1 transcript upon transient overexpression (pFOXM1) or knockdown (siFOXM1), 48h post transfection, measured by qPCR. Data is normalized to appropriate controls (Empty vector for pFOXM1 and non-targeting siRNA for siFOXM1). Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 3). C. Quantification of change in EdU incorporation upon FOXM1 overexpression or knockdown, 72h post transfection. Data is normalized to appropriate controls (Empty vector for pFOXM1 and non-targeting siRNA for siFOXM1). Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 4). P<0.0001 (Student’s t-test). D. Quantification of immunocytochemistry for Ki67 upon siRNA mediated knockdown of non-targeting control, GAPDH, SNAI1, SNAI2 and FOXM1, at Day 6 post transfection. Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 3). n.s non-significant, * p<0.05 Student’s t-test. E. Effect of Thiostrepton on EdU incorporation [left Y axis, red] and FOXM1 transcript expression measured by qPCR [right Y axis, blue]. Bars represent Mean ± SD (n = 6). F. Bright-field microscopy showing a scratch introduced in a RPE monolayer at 0 hrs and 19hrs in the presence of DMSO or 10μM Thiostrepton. Edge of the scratch is marked with a white line. Scale bar = 200 μm. G. Quantification of F (above). Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 7). P<0.0001 (Student’s t-test)

Article Snippet: The FOXM1 overexpression vector was purchased from Origene (SC112825) and transfected into RPE using the Effectene reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, although some effects of reagent toxicity were noted.

Techniques: Immunocytochemistry, Expressing, Over Expression, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Microscopy

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130379

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Percentage of FOXM1 peaks within proximity boundaries to Transcription Start Sites (TSS). B. Plot showing the mean read depth over FOXM1 peaks with a majority of binding within 100bp of peak centres. C. Protein coding genes with a FOXM1 peak within 1kb of TSS are highly enriched for GO categories relevant to cell cycle related functions but not EMT, MET, epithelial or mesenchymal related functions. In addition to the GO category, enrichment was also tested at a published EMT gene signature with no significant binding seen. Enrichment was calculated using a hypergeometric distribution, the—log 10 p-value is shown. Dashed line represents p = 0.05. D. Schematic showing FOXM1 binding to the promoters of representative cell cycle genes; CDK12, CDC20, CDC5L & CDKN1A. ChIP-seq coverage is shown in blue and annotated genomic features shown in orange. E. Quantification of change in transcript expression of representative FOXM1 bound genes, measured by qPCR, upon siRNA mediated FOXM1 knockdown (relative to transfection with non-targeting siRNA used as a control), 72h post transfection. ACTB is used as a housekeeping gene. Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 3). P<0.05 (Student’s t-test). F. Significantly enriched transcription factor motifs in FOXM1 peaks alongside frequencies of occurrence.

Article Snippet: The FOXM1 overexpression vector was purchased from Origene (SC112825) and transfected into RPE using the Effectene reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, although some effects of reagent toxicity were noted.

Techniques: Binding Assay, ChIP-sequencing, Expressing, Transfection

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130379

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Quantification of change in cell density (number of DAPI positive nuclei per cm 2 imaged area) upon FOXM1 overexpression or knockdown, 72h post transfection. Data is normalized to appropriate controls (Empty vector for pFOXM1 and non-targeting siRNA for siFOXM1). Bars represent Mean + SD (n = 4). P<0.0001 (Student’s t-test). B. Heatmap showing changes in gene expression of a panel of representative markers over a timecourse of RPE culture where cells are seeded at high (100000 cells/cm 2 ) or low (8000 cells/cm 2 ) density. C. Plot showing differential expression of BMP7 and Wnt5B transcripts extrapolated from the microarray data. The shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals around the point estimates (circles) of the difference between the mean high density expression vs the mean low density expression.

Article Snippet: The FOXM1 overexpression vector was purchased from Origene (SC112825) and transfected into RPE using the Effectene reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, although some effects of reagent toxicity were noted.

Techniques: Over Expression, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Microarray

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130379

Figure Lengend Snippet: RPE first acquire a mesenchymal morphology upon dissociation and culture followed by proliferation and mesenchymal-epithelial transition to re-uptake an epithelial phenotype. Proliferation of RPE is directly regulated by FOXM1 which also affects expression of BMP7 and Wnt5B by an unknown mechanism. Both these activities are required for successful MET and epithelialization.

Article Snippet: The FOXM1 overexpression vector was purchased from Origene (SC112825) and transfected into RPE using the Effectene reagent (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, although some effects of reagent toxicity were noted.

Techniques: Expressing